
Allow me to commit a cardinal sin of writing and draw for a dictionary definition to open this post:
Main Entry: suc·cess
Pronunciation: \sək-ˈses\
Function: noun
Etymology: Latin successus, from succedere
Date: 1537
1 obsolete : outcome, result
2 a : degree or measure of succeeding b : favorable or desired outcome; also : the attainment of wealth, favour, or eminence
3 : one that succeeds
As a society, we are obsessed with success. I think it correlates with an increasing preoccupation with fame – we want to achieve recognition for the work that we choose to do, regardless of what type of work it is. But ask someone how they’d define success, and how they would know if and when they achieved it, and he or she will probably struggle to give you an answer.
The title of Malcom Gladwell’s ‘Outliers’ refers to those individuals who have achieved what we might consider to be an extraordinary amount of success – the ‘wealth, favour, or eminence’ that the dictionary definition refers to, and usually a combination of all three. What’s interesting about Outliers is that it turns so many of our existing preconceptions about makes someone successful on their head.
The stories of remarkably successful people are usually put forward in a ‘rags to riches’ narrative – “a hero is born into modest circumstances and by virtue of his own grit and talent fights his way to greatness.” Gladwell says that this is fundamentally bullshit. People who achieve are very rarely people who rise from nothing. Not only that, but their personal characteristics and abilities as a human being have little bearing on what they are able to achieve. Instead, people who achieve are general blessed with a sequence (not just one) of significant and rare opportunities. They work incredibly, incredibly hard. And they are advantaged in some way by their cultural legacy, even if it may seem ‘on paper’ to be typically disadvantageous.
What makes this book fascinating are the case studies Gladwell uses to illustrate his points. The backgrounds of everyone from Bill Gates to The Beatles to Gladwell’s own mother are analysed to see if they match with his theories. Of course, they always do.
There are parts of ‘Outliers’ that remain questionable, and the writing style won’t be to everyone’s taste. But the fundamental message is interesting, and certainly inspiring. Whilst our cultural legacies – where we’re from, where we grew up, what our parents taught us about work – are inescapable, we are still statistically likely to achieve a great deal if we are willing to put in the work. ‘Work’ not being an abstract term like success, but instead the 10,000 hours that studies have proven is required to become really fucking good at what it is you do.
Better get cracking now, then.